Democratic Rights’ Forum (DRF) Formed

The meeting of leading comrades active in the field of democratic rights movement held on 23-24 March at Ambedkar Bhavan, New Delhi, attended by Ad. C.B.Singh (Lucknow) and com. Monasur (Kanpur) from UP, Ad.Sabi Joseph, Kerala, com.Ashok Mathur, Rajasthan, Ad.Vivek Ranjan, Odisha, Ad. Kedar Anand, Chathisgarh and Ad. Arun Maji, general secretary of NDPI, com. Mangat Ram of NDPI and  com. Jaiprakash from the Anti-Caste Organization from Delhi. The meeting discussed the draft approach paper On Formation of Democratic Rights and Civil Liberties’ Movement for building a broad based democratic rights and civil liberties forum at all India level presented by com.K.N.Ramachandran, general secretary of the CPI(ML) in the meeting prsided by Ad.C.B.Singh. The orientation of the Paper was generally accepted by all. It will be developed taking the suggestions put forward and the message from com.C.Bhaskar Rao, geberal secretary of the OPDR (AP) who could not attand the meeting. Similarly com.Ved Bhusan, editor of The Kashmit Times, Ad. Rebati Ballabh Mohanty from Odisha and others from different states who could not attend the meeting had informed their consent to work as part of any all India forum organized in the meeting. It was decided that the Paper shall be developed based on the suggestions which came up in the meeting and shall be published for further discusion on it.

The meeting decided to constitute the Organizing Committee of the Democratic Rights’  Forum (DRF) with Ad. C.B.Singh as convener and Ad. Sabi Joseph, Ad. Vivek Ranjan, Ad. Kedar Anand, com. Monasur, com.Mangat Ram and com.Ashok Mathur as members. The meeting passed following resolutions:

1.     The DRF shall try to establish contacts with all forcesopposed to deployment of army and AFSPA in J&K and Northeastand to develop a countrywide movement in solidarity with the struggles waged by the peoples of these regions including the indefinite hunger strike continued by Irom Sarmila for more than 12 years to repeal AFSPA and to withdraw army policing. The DRF shall intensify the campaign for political solution of J&K and Northeast issues by involving the people.

2.     The DRF shall unite all forces who are against death penalty and develop a countrywide movement for its repeal.

3.     The DRF condemns the ghastly and secret manner in which the hanging of Afsal Guru was carried out. It demands that the UPA government should apologize for it. Even the democratic right to appeal for review and to approach the Supreme Court once again after the rejection of the long pending mercy petition was denied to him and to his family. The DRF demands that the dead body of Afsal Guru should be handed over to his family immediately.

4.     The DRF decided to send a fact finding team in solidarity with the struggle of the orkers of Manesar Maruti Suzuki car factory, where 140 workers are jailed for more than seven months and more than 500 workers are summarily dismissed.

5.     The DRF decided to send a fact finding team to Jagjitsinghpur district of Odisha where thousands of villagers of Paradeep area are struggling for last eight years against their displacement for acquiring land for POSCO, the South Korean based MNC.

The meeting decided to organize state level committees and to take up various issues of democratic rights violations uniting broad sections of democratic forces.

Organizational Principles

(Draft)

1.    Name: Its name shalll be Democratic Rights Forum (DRF).

2.    Aims and Objectives: The DRF shall work for the defence of the democratic rights and civil liberties and for their expansion and advancement.

3.    Structure: The DRF shall be a democratic forum with its functioning based on democratic consultation and consensus. At the same time it shall strive to co-ordinate different organizations, groups and individuals committed to work for the protection, expansion and advancement of the democratic rights and civil liberties at all levels.

4.    Organizational Form: At all India level it shall have an All India General  Council (AIGC) to be elected by All India Conferences of representatives elected by state level conferences and organizations, groups and individuals  affiliated to it which is convened every two years and an Executive Committee elected by the AIGC with their offices at Delhi. For carrying out day to day functioning it shall have a Central Working Group (CWG). The CWG consists of the chairman, a vice chairman and other office bearers such as general secretary, five secretaries to coordinate activities in Southern, Western, Eastern, Northern zones and of the CWG and a tresurer elected by the AIGC. The number of members of the All India state and district councils and respective executive committees shall be decided in the respective conferences.

5.    The state level conferences held every two years shall constitute State Councils (SCs) of the DRF, and an executive committee which shall lead the state level activities, and the district level conferences shall elect the district level councils and district executive committees of the DRF. For carrying out day to day functioning of the SCs it shall also have State Working Groups (SWGs). The SWGs shall consist of the State chairman, secretary and three secretaries, with one of them having responsibility of the treasurer, who shall be elected by the SCs. The same principles are be followed at the district level also.

6.    All these Councils shall work based on consensus.

7.    The Editorial Board for the central DRF publications shall be elected by the AIGC and for the publications at state level by the SCs respectively.

8.    Organizations, groups and individuals who are prepared to accept the Approach Paper and Organizational Principles of the DRF and are ready to function based on these and affiliated to the AIGS, can be enrolled as its constituents and their representative can be taken in the AIGC or SCs, as the case may be.

9.     The AIGC shall elect the Executive Committee and the CWG consisting of  the office bearers and the SCs shall elect the SWGs and the state level office bearers once in two years. The bi-annual conferences shall discuss and finalize the reports, audited accounts and future programs presented by respective councils. In extra ordinary situations All India and state level councils, which are sceduled to meet twice in a year, shall be convened by giving one month notice to its members.

10.                         The accounts of the DRF at different levels shall be audited bi-annually by three auditers elected by respective councils.

11.    Funds: Respective Executive committees can generate necessary funds for the fuctioning of the DRF from public by way of contributios.

12.   The amendments to the Organizational Principles shall be by way of majority decisions of the All India General Council.

Motion of Non-Confidence is moved in the People’s Parliament against the Ruling Governments

The following Motion of Non-Confidence is moved in the People’s Parliament against the Ruling Governments and the Ruling System; the Motion calls for removing the existing reactionary, corrupt system and replacing it with a People’s Alternative Based on People’s Manifesto evolved through discussion among the masses.1. The People’s Parliament at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi, on 15th March, declares non-confidence in the UPA government at centre, in the state governments and the entire ruling system in which both the ruling and opposition parties are colluding with each other for speeding up the imposition of the neo-liberal policies, for saving the scamsters, and for strengthening the communal, caste, fascist forces, cuttinig at the root of even the existing secular, democratic values. 2. Through the latest railways’ and central budgets the UPA government has further sped up imposition of the neo-liberal policies. It is leading to unprecedented price-rise, intensifying corruption in all fields, unemployment, and all-round impoverishment of the masses. The     consecutive governments have opened the economy to the corporate houses, MNCs and FDIs, and privatization is sped up through Private-Public-Partnership (PPP). The prices and service / freight charges are hiked by linking them with the prices of ‘de-controlled’ diesel and services. 3. The defense expenditure is enhanced to more than Rs. 2 trillion, with a large part siphoned to ruling party funds through numerous scams. Virtuaal military rule is continued in J&K and Northeast along with the imposition of AFSPA, which is being extended to Chathisgarh. Secret hanging of Afsal Guru shows the extent of criminalization of the state apparatus, communal fascist attitude of the ruling system and the refusal to resolve the Kashmir question through political means involving the people. In the name of development, dalits, adivasis, minorities and women along with all other oppressed sections and classes are coming under increasing attacks including displacement from their land.4. As a result, in all the states people’s movements against neo-liberal policies are getting strengthened. There was massive mobilization of people against intensifying corruption at Delhi and other urban centres. Again tens of thousands got mobilized when another girl was gang raped in Delhi streets, with students, youth, women and other sections occupying the streets in Delhi, challenging the ruling system. Against displacement of tens of thousands of families for numerous projects like Narmada like large dams, for providing millions of acres of land for MNCs/ Corporate projects, for nuclear plants etc and against the ecological destruction created by these projects millions of people have come out in protest. In spite of all these, the institutionalized parties, both on the ruling as well as opposition side are colluding with each other to intensify attacks on people, even while competing with each other for power. In one form or other, they repeat that there is no alternative to neo-liberal policies. The administration serves patriarchy and neo-liberal lust, consumerism, caste system and communal appeasement, surrendering to communal fascist forces. The caste- based oppression, ghastly attacks on dalits, adivasis and women, suppression of minorities and loot of the toiling masses have intensified.5. When the whole running system is degenerating fast, as a reflection of it, the parliament has become a useless debating, and often shouting club of agents of imperialists, especially US imperialists, and MNCs/ Corporate houses, scamsters, rapists, criminals and mafias, or of reformists who have thrown their past revolutionary spirit to Bay of Bengal or Arabian Sea, bereft of any power. Instead of representing people the present parliament members are representing people’s enemies, the handful of native elite classes and foreign capital interests. They represent the Brahmanical system which enslaves the people to loot of the imperialists and their agents6. This situation demands that all those fighting against these anti-people ruling class policies and are against the neo-liberal policies, who demand people oriented development, and all round democratization of the polity should get together for a People’s Alternative based on a People’s Manifesto to put an end to the present   reactionary, corrupt ruling system and its anti-people policies. This People’s Manifesto should be developed through countrywide discussion among the masses using all possible avenues. 7. The People’s Parliament attended by  progressive, secular, democratic and left forces and individuals along with representatives of the ongoing people’s resistance movements in different  parts of the country, organized at Janta Mantar, New Delhi, on 15th March with the slogans: Struggle against Price Rise, Corruption, Evictions, FDI in Retail and Attacks on Democratic Rights! Fight caste-adivasi-gender-minority oppression! Down with neo-liberal policies! Strengthen people’s alternative against all ruling parties and communal fascists!, declares non-confidence in the present central and state governments, and in the reactionary ruling system which have gone against all the promises given during the independence struggle.8. This People’s Parliament calls on the masses of people and all progressive, democratic, secular and left forces to throw out these corrupt anti-people parties and the ruling system fostered by them, from power, and to get mobilized through all forms of people’s movements to replace it with the broadest possible People’s Alternative based on a People’s Manifesto with the following basic orientation:(1)  Smash imperialist globalization and neo-liberal policies; End imperialist domination through IMF, World Bank, WTO and MNCs. (2) Defend existing Constitutional, democratic and secular rights and fight for their expansion; All fields of administration and judiciary should function within the Constitutional framework, not under neo-liberal framework. (3) Prosecute all corrupt through special courts; Bring in to force Lokayukta like agencies with full power for this purpose; Confiscate all black- money deposited in foreign banks and other hide-outs.  (4) Stop all displacements for Neo-liberal Projects; Confiscate all lands from mafias, big landlords etc; Implement land reforms based on land to the tiller and provide all out assistance to the farmers for agricultural development. (5) End price-rise; Implement universal Public Distribution System; Ensure education, healthcare, housing and employment for all. (6) Implement need based wages, job security and democratic rights of working class; Stop contract and casual labour system. (7) Ensure Adivasis’ right over their land and natural resources; Implement autonomous councils based on Sixth Schedule in Adivasi areas; Organise dalits, adivasis and minorities and end caste-based and communal oppression; Realize  caste-less and secular society. (8) End all forms of gender discrimination; Ensure women’s equality in all fields. (9) Scrap AFSPA, UAPA and all other black laws; Withdraw military from Jammu- Kashmir and Northeast; End state terror and achieve all round democratization of the administration and society. (10) Abolish imperialist promoted ‘development’ policies which devastate nature and impoverish masses; Implement people oriented, sustainable and eco-friendly development paradigm.       Moved by the presidium of the People’s Parliament.

February 20-21 All India General Strike: A Great Beginning.

The all India general strike on 20-21 February has started today morning , creating great impact in all fields.  An estimated 120 million employees and workers from banking, insurance, government services to transport, construction and manufacturing sectors participating in it. Practically all trade union centers  big and small, hundreds of independent unions across the country are participating in it.  Militant demonstrations are taking place all over the country with tens of thousands of  workers and employees demanding a reversal of the policies which have led to price rise, corruption and impoverization of the life of the vast majority of the masses of people, participating in them. There are reports that tens of thousands of workers from practically all states are arrested. We congratulate the working class with the hope that taking lessons from this great beginning they shall continue the struggle till their demands are achieved.

At the same time from the response of the central and state governments it is clear that even after their own trade unions participating in this successful all India strike, the ruling class parties are not ready to reverse the anti-working class and anti-people policies. It is reported that the budget for 2013-14 shall continue and intensify the reactionary policies which are making life more difficult for the working class and masses of the people. So in order to force the reversal of the anti-people policies the ruling system itself has to be changed. For this the working class should get prepared to go beyond such token struggles to revolutionary upsurges, so as to make basic changes to society. Let us hope that from their bitter experience the working class shall get prepared for more protracted and system changing struggles in coming days, inspired by the success of this all India strike. Once again we extend revolutionary greetings to the working class for this successful all India strike.

K.N.Ramachandran, 

General Secretary, 

CPI(ML)

20^th February, 2013

Obituary: Comrade Dipankar Chakravarthy

On behalf of Central Committee of the CPI(ML) and on my own behalf I express deep sorrow at the passing away of com. Dipankar Chakravarthy, founder editor of the Bengali monthly, Aneek, on 27^th January. I first met com. Dipankar at his Murshidabad house in 1968 when I joined the Farakka Barrage Project and our friendship continued all these years. I had differences with the position taken by Aneek on some of the issues, but it did not break our relation. What was important was that Aneek and through it com. Dipankar firmly supported the communist revolutionaries and played a positive role in keeping the flame of Naxalbari alive even when many of those who were part of the movement in the early period later left it and took opportunist positions. Organizing regular debates on the ideological-political issues concerning the future of Indian revolution, Aneek has played an important role in the healthy development of theoretical struggle within the Naxalbari movement. Presently when the communist revolutionary movement is trying hard to overcome past mistakes and is showing possibilities of new advances, departure of com. Dipankar, who was an ardent friend of it, is a big loss. I extend heartfelt condolences to his family and friends and hope that the Aneek team will continue to publish it in his memory and in support of the communist revolutionary movement.

KN Ramachandran,

General Secretary, CPI(ML)

Violence and non-violence?

Can there be any perfectly non-violent agitation when the state apparatus is becoming more and more violent and suppress every people’s movement brutally? When the police and para-military forces used hundreds of rounds of lathi charges beating the protesters like street dogs, when hundreds of tear gas shells were fired directly against them and when lakhs of litres of water was targeted against them from water-cannons to throw out the tens of thousands of students, youth and women for two days, will not they react if they are living beings? When many gets killed in trampedes during Kumbha Mela and other religious congregations, do the police book them as murders and charge sheet the worshipers for them?

What the government and its criminalised police force is doing in Delhi now is nothing different from what the military and police are doing in J&K and Northeast and later against the Naxalite movement in 1970s and now in the adivasi areas in the name of suppressing the Maoists. It is pure and simple state terror to suppress genuine demands of the people. Was it not justified on the part of students , youth and women to protest against the ghastly gang rape of a girl in Delhi streets? Though it happened on 16^th evening, did the government come forward with any concrete proposals to prevent recurrence of this 1001th attack on women during this year in Delhi alone? The protests had started from 17^th, but the government did not respond. It was then it took massive forms on 22^nd and 23^rd. Still the government did not address the protesters. Instead the union home ministry ordered removal of the protesters by any means. The people were attacked in the most foul ways. It was when the protesters were provoked in most heinous ways including the police men dealing brutally with the girls there were some retaliation. Who was violent? The protesters, or the police who indulged in all vile acts to throw them out from the ‘sacred preserves’ of the ruling elite?

Without bothering to go in to these, the NGOs, a section of the petti-bourgeois intellectuals, a section of media etc have started echoing what the criminalized state machinery is repeating; they say violence should not be there! Was not the attack on the girl on 16^th violence? Are not all these attacks on children, girls and women violence? Was not the order of home ministry to throw out the protesters and the wanton way the police accomplished it violence of the worst sort? After all these violence, do these goodies want that the students, youth and others protesting there to act like inert things? Like the anti-people, anti-national government and its brute machinery, these goodies are also serving their masters, directly or indirectly: the upsurge of the students, youth and their supporters on 22^nd and 23^rd in Delhi streets was great; let us salute them and denounce the brutal state which tried to drown it with lathis, water cannons and tear gas, and now trying to vilify it and to suppress its participants.

New Year, New Challenges!

The year that passes in to history-2012- was a provoking, challenging one. Internationally it witnessed the deepening of the crisis faced by the global finance system. In spite of the efforts by the governments of the imperialist countries to transfer its burden to the toiling masses of their own countries and to the people of the countries under neo-colonial plunder, they could not overcome it or minimize its impact. On the contrary, it is showing signs of further intensification. There are possibilities of more bitter struggles than the Occupy Wall Street which pitted the 99% against the 1% or the street fights in Greece breaking out more militantly. Egypt is still in turmoil as people at large are learning about what is the role of religions today. The street fights in Syria are continuing unabated. The miners in South Africa are continuing the struggle. There is not a single country in the world including China, where the GDP growth level is claimed to be still in two digits, which is free from growing people’s revolts, as price rise, under employment, poverty of the masses, gender- caste- race inequalities and corruption are sky-rocketing. Everywhere people are angry and the New Year is going to witness more bitter revolts and increasing calls for social change.

Within the country the UPA government has launched more neo-liberal onslaughts through further dilution of the public distribution system through so-called cash payments of the subsidies, manipulation of a parliamentary majority to impose 51% FDI in retail and other vital sectors. Its policies are giving rise to more scams and it is protecting the scamsters, devastating the life of the masses further. In spite of the dog-fights in the parliament, in implementing these anti-people policies the different political parties leading the central and state governments are competing with each other.

During this year the bankruptcy of the bourgeois parliamentary system existing in the country was further exposed. While the government and opposition got engaged in shouting duels, the attacks on the people went on intensifying unabated. The masses were devastated further while the elite class became richer. Prices of all essential commodities and charges of essential services soared high. Corruption became more rampant. As more people are forced to migrate to the urban areas due to impoverization of rural life and displacement for neo-liberal projects, the administration intensified attacks on the slums to uproot them, without providing any alternative housing. The communal and caste forces increased their divisive and reactionary work in the service of the ruling system. The women, dalits, adivasis, minorities and other oppressed sections came under increasing onslaughts. As a result,  all the socio-economic, political contradictions have further sharpened. People are coming out on the streets increasingly, challenging the ruling system. Delhi witnessed the storming of the elite ruling class centers by the students, youth and women. In Ahmedabad people rallied with red flags challenging the communal fascists and calling for a people’s alternative. All these expressions of people’s anger and calls for revolutionary changes are bound to intensify  in the New Year.

So it is going to be New Year which poses New Challenges. A powerful countrywide people’s alternative capable of mobilizing the angry masses and people’s movements and to lead them towards a radical social change is the need of the hour. Building such a people’s alternative against all imperialist onslaughts and against the ruling system is the urgent task before the revolutionary and democratic forces. The tamashas in the parliament and in state assemblies expose how anti-people, anti-national and utterly opportunist are the ruling class, regional, communal, cast based and pseudo left parties whether in power or in opposition. The task before the revolutionary left is to expose all these opportunist forces, to mobilize the masses based on anti-imperialist revolutionary ideological, political line, to strengthen the people’s alternative capable of overthrowing the ruling system through mighty people’s uprising, and to advance towards people’s democracy and socialism.

The experience at international and national level shows that, after the severe setbacks suffered by the international communist movement and the fall of the socialist models projected in Soviet Union, China and in other former socialist countries, such an alternative cannot inspire the left masses if it focuses only on quantitative aspects, only on the number of people getting mobilized. Such an alternative, while trying to bring together all genuine left and democratic forces, should focus on a qualitative leap to transcend past mistakes and limitations and to reach new theoretical clarity. It should develop the Marxist-Leninist understanding according to the present conditions and become capable of re-instilling confidence among the working class and oppressed masses regarding the possibility of capture of political power and achieving socialist transformation with an advanced perspective. Let us pledge to take up this challenge, and advance along this path in the New Year. Let us make it a year of mightier and more advanced revolutionary offensives.

CPI (ML) and Nine Decades of the Communist Movement in India.

The communist movement started in India in 1920s inspired by the victory of the great October Revolution in Russia and formation of Soviet Union under the leadership of Lenin. During the next two decades the CPI organized the working class and peasantry in many parts of the then colonial India. It led many heroic struggles of the working class and led many anti-feudal movements with “land to the tiller slogan”. But it failed to apply the strategic line of the People’s democratic Revolution put forward by the Communist International in the concrete conditions of India. It failed to establish the leadership of the working class in the independence struggle and in effect surrendered it to the Congress and Muslim League, the parties of the big capitalists and landlords  which were compromising  with the British colonialists. As a result, when the people’s upsurge against British colonialists was intensifying during the post-Second World War period, they could communally divide the country to India and Pakistan and transfer power to these comprador parties in 1947. After the transfer of power, the CPI leadership in its 1948 party congress denounced the right deviation of the past decades. But it adopted a left sectarian line of armed uprising without any preparation which was soon crushed by the Congress government. Though a Party Program and tactical line conforming to the post-1947 period was adopted in the 1951 Conference, it was soon abandoned. Under the influence of the revisionist line which had come in to dominance in the 20^th Congress of the Soviet Communist party under the leadership of Krushchov, the CPI leadership soon degenerated to revisionist path and adopted class collaborationist line. This led to the first split in the party in 1964 and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) came in to existence. Though its leadership claimed to reject the rightist line of the CPI, it refused to support the ideological struggle then waged against the revisionist line of the Soviet leadership under the leadership of Mao and the CPC. It also failed to make a concrete analysis of the changes taking place in the country after transfer of power, took a centrist line, refused to evaluate the comprador character of the bureaucratic bourgeoisie leading the state and soon degenerated to neo-revisionist positions by the time of the 1967 general elections.

By struggling against the revisionist CPI and neo-revisionist CPI(M), the communist revolutionaries, upholding  Marxism-Leninism- Mao Tsetung Thought as their guiding ideology, led the Naxalbari Uprising in W.Bengal in 1967 with “land to the tiller” slogan, which was suppressed by the state forces of the then CPI(M) led government in the state and the Congress government at centre. Uniting the Communist Revolutionary forces in the country the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries was formed in 1968.  Major sections of them took initiative to found the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) in 1969 under the leadership of com. Charu Mazumdar. It adopted its Program, Constitution and tactical line at the first or Eighth Congress in Calcutta ( Kolkata) in 1970.

Though the formation of CPI (ML) was a significant step forward, it mechanically upheld the left adventurist line which had come in to dominance in the CPC by the time of its Ninth Party Congress in 1969. According to this ‘Chinese path’ adopted by the Party, refusing to make a concrete analysis of the changes which were taking place after the transfer of power under the influence of imperialist camp led by US imperialism, India was evaluated as a semi-colonial, semi-feudal country like pre-revolutionary China with area wise seizure of political power and protracted people’s war as the path of revolution. Armed struggle was adopted as the only form of struggle and the Leninist Bolshevik concept of building party surrounded by class and mass organizations was abandoned. ‘Annihilation of class enemies’ was adopted to facilitate the armed struggle. Soon, ever intensifying external suppression by the state forces and internal dissensions led to severe setbacks to the movement including the elimination of its leadership and thousands of its cadres, imprisonment of tens of thousands of its activists and supporters and its disintegration to many groups by 1972. Even those who remained outside CPI (ML) had no alternative approach to put forward, and they also faced the same fate.

Though many of these groups talked of rectifying the sectarian line and adopted ‘mass line’ and utilization of all forms of struggle including the electoral forms of struggle, almost all these groups still adhered to characterization of Indian state and society as ‘semi-colonial, semi-feudal’ and path of revolution as people’s war, the Chinese line, refusing to recognize the vast changes that has taken place in the country under new forms of exploitation under the imperialist forces, their various agencies and MNCs through the comprador Indian state. One of the trends among them, the CPI(ML) People’s War, CPI(ML) Party Unity and Maoist Communist centre, who were still adhering to the 1970 line of armed struggle as the only form of struggle, have merged in 2004 to form the CPI(Maoist).

Another trend, even while upholding the 1970 line in name and, unlike others still upholding the present Chinese leadership as socialist, with the CPI(ML) Liberation as the major force among them, is veering round to the line of forming a ‘grand left alliance’ with CPI, CPI(M) like forces. A third trend, with the CPI(ML) New Democracy in the lead, in form upholds the 1970 line but is advocating the ‘resistance struggle’ as an interim phase of armed struggle, while accepting mass line and utilization of all forms of struggle. There are a number of small groups working at state or district levels which uphold the 1970 line in form along with mass line, but do not put forward any form of armed struggle or other forms of struggles in to practice. Their number and strength is getting reduced every day.

After the revocation of the internal emergency rule of Congress during 1975-77  period, a large number of communist revolutionary forces were released from jails. By this time after the death of Mao the capitalist roaders had seized power in China also. The imperialist forces beset with a new wave of crisis of the global finance capital system had launched the imperialist globalization and neo-liberal policies at international level. Within the country a new wave of agrarian struggles led by the newly emerging rich peasant-agricultural bourgeois class were taking place. All these developments called for a new analysis and evaluation of the concrete conditions internationally and in the country. A section of the CPI (ML) forces mainly from UP region initiated an evaluation of these changes which took them to the conclusion that the mode of production has become capitalist and India had become a capitalist country with the stage of revolution as socialist. In the interpretation and elaboration of this line soon differences surfaced among them, which led to a number of splits within these Communist League of India groups. They do not recognize the intensifying plunder of the imperialist agencies in the country and of the character of the ruling class which is basically comprador. None of these groups have so far succeeded to make any significant advance in political organizational fields.

In the post-emergency situation as explained above, the Central Reorganization Committee- CPI(ML), formed in 1979 with the merger of the CPI(ML) group in Kerala and a group from  AP, initiated an evaluation that during the post-Second World War period the imperialists have transformed the colonial phase of plunder to neo-colonial phase in order to confront the challenges posed by the growing strength of the communist forces and to overcome the crisis faced by the imperialist finance capital system. Instead of utilizing the feudal forces as the social prop for imposing their domination as they were doing during the colonial phase, in the neo-colonial phase the agrarian sector was transformed with the entry of finance capital, market forces and technological inputs.  Failure to recognize this transformation of imperialist camp under its new leader, US imperialism, including its ‘de-colonization’ policy led the socialist forces to grave mistakes. The Soviet party evaluated that as imperialist system has weakened, peaceful co-existence and peaceful competition with them and peaceful transition to socialism was possible. The 9^th Congress of the CPC evaluated that as imperialism was facing total collapse, worldwide victory of socialist forces was possible with a last putsch. Both these evaluations led to serious setbacks to the ICM. On the contrary, imperialism had adopted more heinous and sinister neo-colonial form of plunder and world domination in order to intensify its hegemony. Based on this analysis, the CRC evaluated Indian state and society as neo-colonial, where capitalism is developing from above under imperialist domination. The ruling system has become more comprador and the all major social contradictions including the new one between capital and nature are intensifying. It also evaluated that in this phase of imperialist globalization the international character of revolution has increased calling for speeding up the unity of the Marxist- Leninist forces. Through a process of intense ideological struggle, the CRC-CPI(ML), later changed to CPI(ML) Red Flag and now CPI(ML), with Red Star as its central organ, has propagated this line and in its Ninth party Congress held in 2011 it has adopted new Party Program, Constitution and Path of Revolution rejecting the programmatic and path positions put forward by the 8^th Congress of 1970. It has spread the Party organization at all India level and organized class/ mass organizations and various movements to intensify the mobilization of the working class and other left masses for seizure of political power through a countrywide mass upsurge. The CPI (ML) has succeeded to unite with fraternal forces and has found the International Coordination of the Revolutionary Parties and Organizations (ICOR), and to spread the international activities in different fields. It has built a Democratic People’s Forum uniting the revolutionary left and democratic forces as the People’s Alternative to the ruling reactionary system at all India level.

This brief narration explains which are the different trends of the Communist forces in the country and their orientation. Only by struggling against and defeating the wrong lines the correct line can be established and the revolutionary movement can be carried forward.